Why Networks exists
Introduction A computer network is a system that enables multiple computing devices to communicate and share information with each other. A powerful computer without a network is like a smart perso...
How Does a CDN Serve an Image or Video?
tuf-plus-ad-2 tuf-plus-ad-1 Introduction A CDN, or Content Delivery Network, helps websites deliver images, videos, scripts, and other files faster by storing copies of content on servers located c...
What Happens When You Connect to Public Wi-Fi?
Introduction Public Wi-Fi is common in airports, cafes, hotels, malls, libraries, and offices. Connecting to it feels simple, but many networking steps happen in the background before internet acce...
What Happens When DNS Fails?
Introduction DNS, or Domain Name System, translates domain names like google.com into IP addresses that computers use for communication. When DNS fails, the browser may know the website name, but i...
What Happens When You Type google.com?
Introduction Typing google.com in a browser looks simple, but many networking steps happen in the background before the page appears. The browser must find the correct server, create a secure conne...
FAQs
FAQs on Switching Why is Packet Switching Better for the Internet? Packet switching is better suited for the modern internet because internet traffic is highly bursty and shared among millions of u...
Common Interview Questions on Subnetting
Q1. Given IP Address 10.0.5.130/25, Find the Network Address A /25 prefix leaves: - 32 − 25 = 7 host bits Therefore: 2⁷ = 128 addresses per subnet The subnet boundaries increase in blocks of 12...
How Data Travels Up the OSI Model
Introduction The OSI model explains how network communication is divided into layers. When data is sent, it moves down the OSI model on the sender side. When data is received, it moves up the OSI m...
TLS Handshake and Forward Secrecy
tuf-plus-ad-2 tuf-plus-ad-3 tuf-plus-ad-4 What Is the TLS Handshake? The TLS handshake is the initial setup process that happens before encrypted application data is exchanged. During this phase, t...
Public Key Infrastructure
What Is PKI? Public Key Infrastructure, or PKI, is the complete system used to create, issue, manage, verify, renew, and revoke digital certificates. A CA is one part of PKI, but PKI includes more...
Certificate Pinning
Certificate Pinning Certificate pinning is a security technique where an application remembers or restricts which certificate, public key, or CA should be accepted for a specific server. Normally,...
Certificate Authority and Chain of Trust
tuf-plus-ad-1 tuf-plus-ad-3 Introduction Secure communication needs more than encryption. A browser may encrypt data using a server’s public key, but it must first know whether that public key ac...