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Introduction

In programming, sometimes we need a block of code to execute only when a certain condition is met. In such cases, we use if-else conditional statements in Python.

Definition

If-else statements are conditional statements that execute a block of code when a specified condition evaluates to true. They allow programs to make decisions.

Topics Covered

If statement

If-else statement

If-elif-else statement

Nested if-else

If Statement

Executes the code in the “if” block if the condition is true. Otherwise, the control moves to the next line without executing the block.

Syntax

if condition:
    # code block
    # more code

Note: Correct indentation is necessary inside the if block.

Example

Check whether a given number is strictly greater than 25:

n = 29
if n > 25:
    print("Number is greater than 25")

Explanation: Since 29 > 25, the code inside the if block executes. If n were 13, the block would be skipped.

If-Else Statement

Executes the “if” block if the condition is true, otherwise executes the “else” block.

Syntax

if condition:
    # code block if condition is true
else:
    # code block if condition is false

Example

Check whether a person is eligible for voting (age > 18):

age = 20
if age > 18:
    print("Yes, eligible for voting")
else:
    print("No, not eligible")

If – Elif – Else Statement

Use this when you have multiple conditions. The elif block is checked only if the if condition is false. The else block executes only when all previous conditions are false.

Syntax

if condition1:
    # code block 1
elif condition2:
    # code block 2
else:
    # code block 3

Example

Check grades based on m