C++ vs Java

   What is C++? 

• C++ is a programming language which is derived from the C language used to create high-performance applications. This was the first programming language with concepts such as classes and objects.
• It is also an object-oriented programming language which gives a clear structure to programs and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs.
• It was mainly created for development of systems and applications . Nowadays, it is used in Operating Systems , Game Development , IoT(Internet Of Things) , Databases, Flight Softwares, Web Browsers.

What is Java?

• Java is a programming language. It is a high level , object oriented and secure programming language.
• It is used in desktop applications , mobile, web applications, banking applications

Index	Parameter	C++	Java
1	Developed	It was developed by Bjare Structure in 1979	It was developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems
2	Platform Dependency	Platform dependent should be compiled for different platforms	Platform independent
3	Type	It is both procedural and object-oriented programming language	It is an only object-oriented programming language
4	Compilation	It is only Compiled language	It is both interpreted and compiled language
5	Memory Management	Manual	Controlled
6	Library	Very limited libraries with low-level functionalities	Has more diverse libraries with a lot of support code reusability
7	Global Scope	Namespace and Global scopes are supported	No support for global scope
8	Pointers	Supports pointers	Limited support for pointers
9	Features	It does support Operator Overloading, Goto statements, structures, pointers, unions	It does not support Operator Overloading, Goto statements, structures, pointers, unions
10	Object Management	Manual object management using new and delete	Automatic Garbage collections

Features Of C++ : 

1. Portable: C++ has a wide range of compilers that run on different platforms that support it. Code that only uses C++’s standard library will run on many platforms with very few changes.
2. Compatible with C: C++ is an extension of C. It is compatible with almost all C codes. It can use C libraries with few modifications of library code.
3. Paradigm choices: It offers support for object-oriented programming, generic, procedural paradigm with many others as well.
4. Supports both static and dynamic type checking: C++ allows type conversions to be checked either at compile-time or at run-time. Most C++ type checking is, however, static.
5. Compiled language: It compiles directly to a machine’s native code, allowing it to be one of the fastest language if optimised.

Feature of Java : 

1. Simple: Java is simpler than most other languages that are used to create applications, because of its consistent implementation of the object model.
2. Portable: It is portable across platforms. It is possible to write platform-dependent code in Java.
3. No pointers: It does not support direct pointers or pointer manipulation. All parameters will be passed, except primitive types, by reference and not by value. Java does not provide direct access to pointers, thereby eliminating the possibility of memory corruption or leaks.
4. Relational databases: SQLJ and Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)  enable Java code to access and manipulate data in relational databases. Oracle provides drivers that allow portable Java code to access the relational database.

Applications of C++

1. Games: C++ is close to hardware and is fast. It reduces the complexities of 3D games and provides multilayer networking. It is a primary choice to develop game systems and game development suites.
2. Graphical User Interface (GUI) Applications: Adobe systems like Photoshop, Illustrator, etc, Win amp media player all these software are developed in C++.
3. Database Softwares: MySQL and Postgres are written in C++. MySQL is one of the most popular open-source databases.
4. Operating System: Fast programming language makes it ideal for operating systems. Apple Operating System X has some of its parts written in C++. Microsoft Windows OS like Windows 95, ME, 98, XP is developed using C++.
5. Browsers: Rendering engines need to be faster in execution. C++ brings in fast performance, that’s why most browsers have their rendering software written in C++. Mozilla Firefox, Chrome is written in C++. Mozilla Firefox is an open-source project.

Applications of Java

1. Mobile Applications: Java is considered the official programming language for Mobile App Development. It is compatible with Android Studio. With OOPs principle, it provides security and ease of simplicity with Android.
2. Big Data Technology: Prominent Big Data Technologies like Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, etc are the sub-projects of Java. Scala programming language is a pure object-oriented language based on Java. Scala programs are easily convertible to bytecode.
3. Scientific Applications: Java has powerful mathematical calculations which give the same results on different platforms. MATLAB (Mathematical Laboratory)  is the most scientific application, it is used in both front-end and back-end systems.
4. Enterprise Applications: Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) is a popular platform that offers API and runtime environments for scripting tasks, including web services and network applications. According to Oracle, Java runs on 97% of enterprise-owned computers.

Conclusion:

• Both the languages are used by many big Software Companies, learning both the languages will be extremely useful in Software industry.
• For people looking for a job in the Software Industry or already in the Software Industry it is better to learn Java because of its diversity and flexibility.
• For people looking to work on Gaming engines, operating systems, IoT, etc where high performance is needed, C++ can be a better programming language than Java.

Special thanks to Shreyas Vishwakarma for contributing to this article on takeUforward. If you also wish to share your knowledge with the takeUforward fam, please check out this article