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Introduction

In Java, the super keyword is associated with the concept of inheritance. Suppose a derived (child) class has a variable or method with the same name as its base (parent) class. In such cases, the super keyword is used to differentiate and explicitly refer to members of the parent class.

The super keyword acts as a reference variable to the parent class and is mainly used for:

Accessing parent class variables

Invoking parent class methods

Invoking parent class constructors

Accessing Variables of Base Class

The super keyword is used when both parent and child classes have data members with the same name.

class Parent {
    String name = "Parent Class";
}

class Child extends Parent {
    String name = "Child Class";

    void display() {
        System.out.println(name);        // Child class variable
        System.out.println(super.name);  // Parent class variable
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Child obj = new Child();
        obj.display();
    }
}

Invoking the Base Class Method

When a method is present in both the parent and child classes, the super keyword can be used to call the parent class method.

class Parent {
    void show() {
        System.out.println("Parent method");
    }
}

class Child extends Parent {
    void show() {
        System.out.println("Child method");
    }

    void display() {
        super.show(); // Calls Parent method
        show();       // Calls Child method
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Child obj = new Child();
        obj.display();
    }
}

Invoking Constructor

The super keyword can also be used to invoke the parent class constructor (both parameterized and default). It must be the first statement inside the child class constructor.

class Parent {
    Parent() {
        System.out.println("Parent class constructor");
    }

    Parent(String msg) {
        System.out.println("Parent constructor with message: " + msg);
    }
}

class Child extends Parent {
    Child() {
        super("Hello from Child"); // Calls parameterized Parent constructor
        System.out.println("Child class constructor");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Child obj =