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What are Enums?

In Java, Enums are special data types that represent a fixed set of related constants. They are often used when a variable can take only one value out of a small set of predefined values. For example, days of the week, directions, months, or states in a process.

Breaking it Down

Fixed Set: Enums have a fixed number of constant values that are specified when the enum is defined.

Related Constants: These constants are logically grouped because they belong to the same enum type.

Enums are Types: Enums in Java are types themselves and are internally implemented as special classes.

Basic Enum Example


enum Direction {
    NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Direction dir = Direction.NORTH;
        System.out.println("Direction: " + dir);
    }
}

Here, Direction is an enum with four fixed constants: NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, and WEST.

What is a Java Enum Constructor?

Enums can have constructors just like classes. However, unlike normal classes, enum constructors are always private or package-private. They cannot be declared as public or protected. If attempted, it will result in a compile-time error.

The reason is simple: Enum constants are predefined and fixed. Java automatically calls the constructor when enum constants are created. Hence, external instantiation is not allowed.

Example: Enum with Constructor


enum Day {
    // Enum constants with values
    MONDAY("Start of Work Week"),
    FRIDAY("End of Work Week"),
    SUNDAY("Weekend!");

    // Field to hold description
    private String description;

    // Private constructor
    private Day(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }

    // Getter method
    public String