Numeric literals are again of two types:

An integer literal: An integer literal is a signed/unsigned whole number. C++ language allows 3 types of integer literals:

i) Decimal Integer Literal: It consists of a sequence of digits and should not start with zero.

Example:

ii) Octal Integer Literal: It consists of a sequence of digits starting with zero.

Example:

iii) Hexadecimal Integer Literal: It consists of a sequence of digits starting with 0x.

Example:

0x19

Note: The default integer literal in C++ is decimal.

Real/Floating Point Literals: Any signed or unsigned number with a fractional part is called a real or floating point literal.

Example:

0.254

Any string of characters enclosed in quotes is called string/character literal. String/character literal is of two types:

Single Character String Literal: Any letter/character enclosed in single quotes is a single character string literal.

Example:

‘u’

String Of Characters Literal: Any string of characters consisting of letters, digits, and symbols enclosed in double quotes is a string of characters literal.

Example:

“Sum=”

Constants are variables that cannot be modified or changed by the program once their value is defined.

There are 2 ways to define a constant:

Syntax:

#define identifier value

Example:

#define LENGTH 20